Android SDK

With RudderStack’s Android SDK, you can track events from your Android applications and send them to your specified destinations.

See the GitHub codebase for more information on the SDK and its architecture.

SDK setup requirements

To set up the RudderStack Android SDK, the following prerequisites must be met:

• You will need to install Android Studio on your system.
• Also, you will need to set up a RudderStack account.
• Once signed up, set up an Android source in the dashboard. You should be able to see a Write Key for this source, as shown below:

• You will also need a data plane URL. Refer to the Glossary for more information on the data plane URL and where to find it.

The Setup tab in the RudderStack dashboard (seen above) has an SDK installation snippet containing both the write key and the data plane URL. You can use it to integrate the Android SDK into your project.

Installing the SDK

As Bintray has sunset from 1st May, we’re moving the Android SDK to Maven Central. All the versions from 1.0.10 are available in Maven Central only.

We distribute the Android SDK through Maven Central. The recommended and easiest way to add the SDK to your project is through the Android Gradle build system.

Follow these steps:

• Open your project level build.gradle file, and add the following lines of code:

buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
}
allprojects {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

• Then open your app/build.gradle and add the dependency under dependencies as shown below:

implementation 'com.rudderstack.android.sdk:core:1.7+'
// add the following line if you don't have Gson included already
implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2+'

It is recommended to use the Core Android SDK without any device-mode destination SDKs as you will have a better view on the captured data from the SDK.

Setting Android permissions

Add this line to your AndroidManifest.xml file of your application for internet permission:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

We also declare android.permission.BLUETOOTH and android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE as optional by mentioning required="false" . If we get these permissions, we’ll capture the Bluetooth status and the WiFi status of the device and pass it under context.network.

Android ProGuard rules

Add the following lines to your Android ProGuard rules if you are using Proguard full mode to optimize your app:

Add the below rules if you are using the Android SDK older than v1.20.0.

Note that the rules are bundled in the SDK itself from v1.20.0 onwards.

// Reporter Module

-keep class com.rudderstack.android.ruddermetricsreporterandroid.models.LabelEntity { *; }
-keep class com.rudderstack.android.ruddermetricsreporterandroid.models.MetricEntity { *; }
-keep class com.rudderstack.android.ruddermetricsreporterandroid.models.ErrorEntity { *; }

// Required for the usage off TypeToken class in Utils.converToMap, Utils.convertToList

-keep class com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken { *; }
-keep class * extends com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken

// Required for the serialization of SourceConfig once it is downloaded.

-keep class com.google.gson.internal.LinkedTreeMap { *; }
-keep class * implements java.io.Serializable { *; }
-keep class com.rudderstack.rudderjsonadapter.RudderTypeAdapter { *; }
-keep class * extends com.rudderstack.rudderjsonadapter.RudderTypeAdapter

// Required to ensure the DefaultPersistenceProviderFactory is not removed by Proguard
// and works as expected even when the customer is not using encryption feature.

-dontwarn net.sqlcipher.Cursor
-dontwarn net.sqlcipher.database.SQLiteDatabase$CursorFactory
-dontwarn net.sqlcipher.database.SQLiteDatabase
-dontwarn net.sqlcipher.database.SQLiteOpenHelper
-keep class com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.persistence.DefaultPersistenceProviderFactory { *; }

// Required for the usage of annotations across reporter and web modules

-dontwarn com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore
-dontwarn com.squareup.moshi.Json
-dontwarn com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty

// Required for Device Mode Transformations

-keep class com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.TransformationResponse { *; }
-keep class com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.TransformationResponseDeserializer { *; }
-keep class com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.TransformationRequest { *; }

Initializing the RudderStack client

Import the library on the classes you desire to use RudderClient library

import com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.*;

Add the following code to the onCreate method in your Application class:

val rudderClient =
    RudderClient.getInstance(
        this,
        WRITE_KEY,
        RudderConfig.Builder()
            .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
            .withTrackLifecycleEvents(true)
            .withRecordScreenViews(true)
            .build()
    )

RudderClient rudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
        this,
        WRITE_KEY,
        new RudderConfig.Builder()
                .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
                .withTrackLifecycleEvents(true)
                .withRecordScreenViews(true)
                .build()
);

• See Configuring your RudderStack client for more information on the methods supported by the RudderConfig object.
• See Adding an application class to your Android application for more information.

OneTrust consent

The Android SDK integrates with the OneTrust consent manager and lets you specify the user’s consent during initialization. For more information, refer to the OneTrust Consent Management for Android guide.

Configuring your RudderStack client

You can configure your client based on the following methods using RudderConfig.Builder:

A sample code snippet to configure your client using RudderConfig.Builder is shown below:

rudderClient =
    RudderClient.getInstance(
        this,
        WRITE_KEY,
        RudderConfig.Builder()
            .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
            .withSleepCount(1)
            .withLogLevel(RudderLogger.RudderLogLevel.VERBOSE)
            .build()
    )

DbEncryption

This feature is available in the Android SDK v1.18.0. and later.

The Android SDK uses a SQLite database to store events before sending them to the RudderStack data plane.

You can use the DbEncryption object to encrypt/decrypt a new or existing database with your specified key.

Add dependencies

Since the Android SDK depends on the SQLite Cipher library, you need to add sqlcipher-android as a dependency:

1. Add the RudderStack Android SDK as a dependency.
2. Go to the module level build.gradle file an add the following under the dependencies section:

dependencies {
   ...
    //sql-cipher
    implementation "net.zetetic:sqlcipher-android:4.5.6@aar"
    implementation "androidx.sqlite:sqlite:2.3.1"
    ...
}

Set the encryption object

To encrypt/decrypt databases, create and set the DbEncrpytion object while initializing the Android SDK as follows:

rudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
    this,
    WRITE_KEY,RudderConfig.Builder()
    .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
    .withControlPlaneUrl(BuildConfig.CONTROL_PLANE_URL)
    .withLogLevel(RudderLogger.RudderLogLevel.ERROR)
    .withFactory(AmplitudeIntegrationFactory.FACTORY)
	  ...
    .withDbEncryption(RudderConfig.DBEncryption(true, "<your-encryption-key>")) // Configure encryption key
    .build()
)

The withDbEncryption method accepts a DbEncryption object with the following parameters:

After you encrypt the database:

• If no key is provided, then the SDK deletes the current database with unsent events and creates a new unencrypted database instead.
• If a wrong key is provided, then the SDK deletes the current database with unsent events and creates a new encrypted database with the given key.

The SDK does not store the key, so it cannot determine whether the entered key is right or wrong. Hence, if the key cannot decrypt the database, the SDK assumes it to be incorrect and deletes the old events and database.

Self-hosted control plane

If you are using a device mode destination like Adjust, Firebase, etc., the Android SDK needs to fetch the required configuration from the Control Plane. If you are using the Control plane lite utility to host your own Control Plane, then follow the steps in this section and specify controlPlaneUrl in yourRudderConfig.Builder that points to your hosted source configuration file.

You shouldn’t pass the controlPlaneUrl parameter during SDK initialization if you are using the dashboard from RudderStack Cloud Dashboard. This parameter is supported only if you are using our open-source Control plane lite to self-host your Control Plane.

Gzipping requests

The Gzip feature is enabled by default in the Android SDK.

The Android SDK automatically gzip-compresses event requests. To disable this feature, set the Gzip parameter to false while initializing the SDK:

RudderClient.getInstance(
    this,
    WRITE_KEY,
    RudderConfig.Builder()
        .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
        .withGzip(false)
        .build()
)

RudderClient rudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
        this,
        WRITE_KEY,
        new RudderConfig.Builder()
                .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
                .withTrackLifecycleEvents(true)
                .withGzip(false)
                .withRecordScreenViews(true)
                .build()
);

Gzip requires rudder-server v1.4 or higher. Otherwise, your events might fail.

Identify

The identify call lets you identify a visiting user and associate them to their actions. It also lets you record the traits about them like their name, email address, etc. Once you identify the user, the SDK persists all the user information and passes it on to the subsequent track or screen calls. To reset the user identification, you can use the reset method.

Note that:

• For older SDK versions (< v1.18.0), the Android SDK captures the device ID and uses that as anonymousId for identifying the user. This helps the SDK to track the users across the application installation.
• On Android devices, the deviceId is assigned during the first boot. It remains consistent across the applications and installs and changes only after factory reset.
• Starting from v1.18.0, the SDK uses a UUID as anonymousId instead of the device ID. If you are upgrading from a previous SDK version, see How RudderStack sets anonymous ID for more information on how the SDK collects and sets anonymousId.

An sample identify event is as shown:

val traits = RudderTraits()
traits.putBirthday(Date())
traits.putEmail("abc@123.com")
traits.putFirstName("First")
traits.putLastName("Last")
traits.putGender("m")
traits.putPhone("5555555555")
val address = RudderTraits.Address()
address.putCity("City")
address.putCountry("USA")
traits.putAddress(address)
traits.put("boolean", Boolean.TRUE)
traits.put("integer", 50)
traits.put("float", 120.4f)
traits.put("long", 1234L)
traits.put("string", "hello")
traits.put("date", Date(System.currentTimeMillis()))
rudderClient.identify("test_user_id", traits, null)

RudderTraits traits = new RudderTraits();
traits.putBirthday(new Date());
traits.putEmail("abc@123.com");
traits.putFirstName("First");
traits.putLastName("Last");
traits.putGender("m");
traits.putPhone("5555555555");
RudderTraits.Address address = new RudderTraits.Address();
address.putCity("City");
address.putCountry("USA");
traits.putAddress(address);
traits.put("boolean", Boolean.TRUE);
traits.put("integer", 50);
traits.put("float", 120.4f);
traits.put("long", 1234L);
traits.put("string", "hello");
traits.put("date", new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));
rudderClient.identify("test_user_id", traits, null);

Follow the method signatures below:

OR

Overriding anonymous ID

You can use the following method to use your own anonymousId with the SDK.

An example of setting the anonymousId is shown below:

RudderClient.putAnonymousId(<anonymousId>);

To retrieve the anonymousId, you can use the anonymousId instance property:

RudderClient.getInstance()?.anonymousId

Disabling device ID collection

Starting from v1.18.0, you can disable the collection of device ID by setting the withCollectDeviceId API of the RudderConfigBuilder class to false.

You will observe the following changes when this API is set to false:

• The SDK does not send context.device.id as a part of the event payload.
• The SDK replaces the existing anonymousId (if it is equal to the device ID) with a UUID.

These changes are introduced to make the SDK more compliant with all policies around the device ID collection.

RudderClient rudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
        this,
        WRITE_KEY,
        new RudderConfig.Builder()
                .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
                .withCollectDeviceId(false)
                .build()
);

If you are upgrading to the latest SDK from a previous version (< v1.18.0) and disabling device ID collection using withCollectDeviceId(false):

• Make sure your user transformations are not dependent on context.device.id as the SDK will not send this value in the event payload.
• The context.device.id column in your warehouse destination will not be populated henceforth (it will still contain data populated by the previous SDK version).

How SDK sets anonymous ID

For direct/fresh SDK installation

For a fresh installation of the Android SDK v1.18.0 and later, RudderStack uses UUID as anonymousId regardless of whether withCollectDeviceId is set to true or false.

For updating SDK from older version

If you are updating your Android SDK from an older version (< v1.18.0), then:

• RudderStack will continue to use the device ID as anonymousId - it will not break the existing SDK behavior until you set withCollectDeviceId to false.
• If you set withCollectDeviceId to false, the SDK checks if the existing anonymousId is a device ID. If yes, it sets a new UUID as the anonymousId.
• If you have used the putAnonymousId method to set your own anonymousId, then the SDK will not modify it even if you set withCollectDeviceId to false.

Setting a custom ID

You can pass a custom ID along with the standard userId in your identify calls. RudderStack adds this value under context.externalId.

RudderStack supports passing externalId only in the identify events. You must not pass this ID in other API calls like track, page, etc.

The following snippet shows how to add an externalId to your identify event:

rudderClient.identify(
    "1hKOmRA4GRlm",
    RudderTraits().putFirstName("Alex"),
    RudderOption()
        .putExternalId("brazeExternalId", "some_external_id")
)

Track

You can record the users’ activity through the track method. Every user action is called an event.

A sample track event is as shown below:

rudderClient.track(
    "Product Added",
    RudderProperty().putValue("product_id", "product_001")
)

rudderClient.track(
        "Product Added",
        new RudderProperty()
                .putValue("product_id", "product_001")
);

Follow the method signatures below:

Screen

You can use the screen call to record whenever the user sees a screen on the mobile device. You can also send some extra properties along with this event.

An example of the screen event is as shown:

rudderClient.screen(
    "MainActivity",
    "HomeScreen",
    RudderProperty().putValue("foo", "bar"),
    null
)

rudderClient.screen(
    "MainActivity",
    "HomeScreen",
    new RudderProperty().putValue("foo", "bar"),
    null
);

Follow the method signatures below:

Group

The group call associates a user to a specific organization. A sample group call for the API is below:

rudderClient.group(
    "sample_group_id",
    RudderTraits().putAge("24")
        .putName("Test Group Name")
        .putPhone("1234567891")
)

    rudderClient.group(
        "sample_group_id",
        new RudderTraits().putAge("24")
            .putName("Test Group Name")
            .putPhone("1234567891")
    );

Follow the method signatures below:

RudderStack doesn’t persist the traits for the group across the sessions.

Alias

The alias call associates the user with a new identification. A sample alias call for the API is below:

rudderClient.alias("test_new_id")

rudderClient.alias("test_new_id");

Alternatively, you can use the following method signature

RudderStack replaces the old userId with the newUserId and we persist that identification across the sessions.

Reset

You can use the reset method to clear the persisted user traits. It also resets the anonymousId with a new UUID if you call it with true (for SDK v1.18.0 and later). To clear only user traits, call reset with false.

In session tracking, calling the reset method clears the current sessionId and generates a new one.

A sample reset call is shown:

rudderClient.reset(false)

rudderClient.reset(false);

Consent-driven user tracking (GDPR support)

RudderStack gives the users the ability to opt out of tracking any user activity until the user gives their consent. You can do this using the SDK’s optOut API.

The optOut API takes true or false as a Boolean value to enable or disable tracking user activities. This flag persists across device reboots.

The following snippet highlights the use of the optOut API to disable user tracking:

rudderClient.optOut(true)

rudderClient.optOut(true);

rudderClient.optOut(false)

rudderClient.optOut(false);

The optOut API is available in the Android SDK from v1.0.21 onwards.

Setting the Android device token

You can set your device-token for push notification to be sent to the destinations that support Push Notification. We set the token under context.device.token.

Follow the code snippets below:

RudderClient.putDeviceToken("your_device_token")

RudderClient.putDeviceToken("your_device_token");

Setting custom context

You can set custom contextual information in Android SDK by using either of the following ways:

During SDK initialization

Set custom context during SDK initialization as follows:

This feature is available in the Android SDK v1.22.0 and later.

val rudderOption = RudderOption().putCustomContext(
        "tier", mutableMapOf(
            "category" to "premium",
            "type" to "gold"
        ) as Map<String, Any>
)

val rudderClient =
    RudderClient.getInstance(
                this,
                WRITE_KEY,
                RudderConfig.Builder()
                    .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
                    .build(),
                rudderOption
            )

Map customContext = new HashMap<String, Object>();
customContext.put("category", "premium");
customContext.put("type", "gold");
RudderOption rudderOption = new RudderOption();
rudderOption.putCustomContext("tier", customContext);

RudderClient rudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
        this,
        WRITE_KEY,
        new RudderConfig.Builder()
                .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
                .build(),
        rudderOption
);

Note that:

• The Android SDK persists the contextual information set during SDK initialization for subsequent events but not across sessions.
• Calling the reset method clears all the contextual information set during SDK initialization.
• The contextual information passed at the event level gets precedence over the context set during SDK initialization.

Using putCustomContext method

Use the putCustomContext method on an instance of RudderOption to set custom contextual information as a nested object within context while sending the events.

An example of setting custom context using an instance of RudderOption and passing it in a track call:

RudderProperty properties = new RudderProperty();
properties.put("paymentMethod", "credit card");
Map customContext = new HashMap<String, Object>();
customContext.put("category", "premium");
customContext.put("type", "gold");
RudderOption rudderOption = new RudderOption();
rudderOption.putCustomContext("tier", customContext);
RudderClient.with(this).track(
        "Subscription Purchased",
        properties,
        rudderOption
);

val properties = RudderProperty()
properties.put("paymentMethod", "credit card")
val rudderOption = RudderOption().putCustomContext(
        "tier", mutableMapOf(
            "category" to "premium",
            "type" to "gold"
        ) as Map<String, Any>
)
rudderClient.track(
        "Subscription Purchased",
        properties,
        rudderOption
)

{
  "context": {
    "tier": {
      "category": "premium",
      "type": "gold",
    }
  }
}

The SDK does not persist the contextual information set using putCustomContext for subsequent events. Hence, you must use this method every time you want to set custom context for an event.

Setting the advertisement ID

By default, RudderStack collects the advertisement ID only if the following three conditions are met:

• withAutoCollectAdvertId is set to true during the SDK initialization:

val rudderClient =
    RudderClient.getInstance(
        this,
        WRITE_KEY,
        RudderConfig.Builder()
            .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
            .withTrackLifecycleEvents(true)
            .withRecordScreenViews(true)
            .withAutoCollectAdvertId(true)
            .build()
    )

• com.google.android.gms.ads.identifier.AdvertisingIdClient is present in your application’s class path.
• limitAdTrackingis not enabled for your device.

Use the putAdvertisingId method to set the advertisement ID:

RudderClient.putAdvertisingId("sampleAdvertId")

RudderClient.putAdvertisingId("advertId");

The putAdvertisingId method is static and can be called before or after the SDK initialization.

If withAutoCollectAdvertId is set to true and you set the advertisement ID value using putAdvertisingId method, RudderStack uses the value provided by the user instead of collecting it automatically.

Once you reset the advertisement ID using the clearAdvertisingId method, RudderStack starts auto-collecting the advertisement ID again.

To clear the advertisement ID, use the clearAdvertisingId method:

rudderClient.clearAdvertisingId()
``

RudderClient.with(this).clearAdvertisingId();

The clearAdvertisingId method is not static and hence can be called only after the SDK initialization.

RudderStack sets gaid under context.device.advertisementId.

Filtering events

When sending events to a destination via device mode, you can explicitly specify which events should be discarded or allowed to flow through - by allowlisting or denylisting them.

Refer to the Client-side Event Filtering guide for more information on this feature.

Enable/disable events for specific destinations

The RudderStack Android SDK allows you to enable or disable event flow to a specific destination or all destinations to which the source is connected. You can specify these destinations by creating a RudderOption object as shown:

val option = RudderOption()
//default value for `All` is true
option.putIntegration("All", false)
// specifying destination by its display name
option.putIntegration("Google Analytics", true)
option.putIntegration(<DESTINATION DISPLAY NAME>, <boolean>)
// specifying destination by its Factory object
option.putIntegration(AppcenterIntegrationFactory.FACTORY,true);
option.putIntegration(<RudderIntegration.FACTORY>,<boolean>);

RudderOption option = new RudderOption();
// default value for `All` is true
option.putIntegration("All", false);
// specifying destination by its display name
option.putIntegration("Google Analytics", true);
option.putIntegration(<DESTINATION DISPLAY NAME>, <boolean>);
// specifying destination by its Factory object
option.putIntegration(AppcenterIntegrationFactory.FACTORY,true);
option.putIntegration(<RudderIntegration.FACTORY>,<boolean>);

The keyword All in the above snippet represents all destinations the source is connected to. Its value is set to true by default.

Make sure the destination display name that you pass while specifying the destinations should exactly match the destination name as shown here.

You can pass the destinations specified in the above snippet to the SDK in two ways:

1. While initializing the SDK

This is helpful when you want to enable/disable sending the events across all event calls made using the SDK to the specified destination(s).

var rudderClient =
    RudderClient.getInstance(
        this,
        WRITE_KEY,
        RudderConfig.Builder()
            .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
            .build(),
        // passing the rudderoption object containing
        // the list of destination(s) you specified
        option
    )

RudderClient client = RudderClient.getInstance(
                this,
                <write_key>,
                new RudderConfig.Builder()
                        .withEndPointUri(<end_point_url>)
                        .build(),
                option // passing the rudderoption object containing the list of destination(s) you specified
        );

2. While sending events

This approach is helpful when you want to enable/disable sending only a particular event to the specified destination(s) or if you want to override the specified destinations passed with the SDK initialization for a particular event.

rudderClient.track(
    "Product Added",
    RudderProperty().putValue("product_id", "product_001"),
    // passing the rudderoption object
    // containing the list of destination you specified
    option
)

rudderClient.track(
                "Product Added",
                new RudderProperty()
                        .putValue("product_id", "product_001"),
                option // passing the rudderoption object containing the list of destination(s) you specified
        );

If you specify the destinations both while initializing the SDK as well as while making an event call, then the destinations specified at the event level only will be considered.

Tracking user sessions

By default, the Android SDK automatically tracks the user sessions. This means that RudderStack automatically determines the start and end of a user session depending on the inactivity time configured in the SDK (default time is 5 minutes).

To automatically track sessions in the Android SDK, withTrackLifecycleEvents should also be set to true. This is because RudderStack considers the Application Opened, Application Installed, or Application Updated events as the start of a new session.

val rudderClient =
    RudderClient.getInstance(
        this,
        WRITE_KEY,
        RudderConfig.Builder()
            .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
            // Set to false to disable automatic session tracking
            .withAutoSessionTracking(true)
            .withSessionTimeoutMillis(5 * 60 * 1000)
            .build()
    )

RudderClient rudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
    this,
    WRITE_KEY,
    new RudderConfig.Builder()
        .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
        .withAutoSessionTracking(true) // Set to false to disable automatic session tracking
        .withSessionTimeoutMillis(5*60*1000)
        .build()
);

To disable automatic session tracking, set withAutoSessionTracking to false.

For more information on the user sessions and how to track them using the Android SDK, see Session Tracking.

Getting the session ID

To retrieve a session’s sessionId, use the getSessionId() method.

getsessionId() is available in the Android SDK from v1.19.0 onwards.

RudderClient.getInstance()?.sessionId

Tracking lifecycle events

By default, RudderStack tracks the following optional application lifecycle events:

• Application Installed
• Application Updated
• Application Opened
• Application Backgrounded

To disable tracking these events, set the withTrackLifecycleEvents method to false while initializing the SDK. However, it is highly recommended to keep them enabled.

Tracking events with AndroidX LifecycleObserver

Starting from version 1.14.0, the Android SDK supports a newer and more efficient way of tracking your application lifecycle events using the AndroidX LifecycleObserver class, as opposed to the standard method of tracking lifecycle events (using the ActivityLifecycleCallbacks).

To track lifecycle events with this method, add the following dependencies to your app:

implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-process:2.6.1'
implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-common:2.6.1'

Note that this method is disabled by default. Set withNewLifecycleEvents to true while initializing the Android SDK to use this method:

val rudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
    this,
    WRITE_KEY,
    RudderConfig.Builder()
        .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
        .withNewLifecycleEvents(true)
        .build()
)

RudderClient rudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
        this,
        WRITE_KEY,
        new RudderConfig.Builder()
                .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
                .withNewLifecycleEvents(true)
                .build()
);

If withNewLifecycleEvents is set to true but the required dependencies are missing in your app, the Android SDK will fall back to tracking lifecycle events using the default method withTrackLifeCycleEvents (if set to true while initializing the SDK).

The following table details the lifecycle event tracking matrix:

Tracking deep links

Starting from version 1.14.0, the Android SDK sends a Deep Link Opened event when you open any app from a deep link. It also sends all the deep link-related details as the event properties. In the previous versions, the SDK included these details as a part of the Application Opened event properties.

This feature is turned on by default. To turn it off, set withTrackDeepLinks to false while initializing the SDK - this causes the SDK to stop sending any additional Deep Link Opened events.

After you set up the deep link in your Android app, you can trigger the deep linking as follows:

val url = "https://example.com/_app"
val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW)
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_REFERRER, Uri.parse("https://test.com/_app"))
intent.data = Uri.parse(url)
startActivity(intent)

The Deep Link Opened event schema is shown below:

The Android SDK also adds the query parameters as the deep link event properties.

Debugging

If you run into any issues regarding the RudderStack Android SDK, you can turn on the VERBOSE or DEBUG logging to find out what the issue is. To turn on the logging, change your RudderClient initialization to the following:

// initialize Rudder SDK
val rudderClient: RudderClient =
    RudderClient.getInstance(
        this,
        YOUR_WRITE_KEY,
        RudderConfig.Builder()
            .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
            .withLogLevel(RudderLogger.RudderLogLevel.DEBUG)
            .build()
    )

RudderClient rudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
    this,
    YOUR_WRITE_KEY,
    new RudderConfig.Builder()
        .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
        .withLogLevel(RudderLogger.RudderLogLevel.DEBUG)
        .build()
);

Chromecast

Google Chromecast is a device that plugs into your TV or monitor with an HDMI port, and can be used to stream content from your phone or computer.

RudderStack supports integrating the Android SDK with your Cast app. Follow these instructions to build your Android sender app. Then, add the Android SDK to it. Follow the Google Cast developer guide for more details.

Developing a device mode destination

You can easily develop a device mode destination in case RudderStack doesn’t support it already, by following the steps listed in this section.

More information on RudderStack device mode can be found in RudderStack Connection Modes.

• Create a CustomFactory class by extending RudderIntegration.java :

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

import com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.RudderClient;
import com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.RudderConfig;
import com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.RudderIntegration;
import com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.RudderLogger;
import com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.RudderMessage;

public class CustomFactory extends RudderIntegration<CustomFactory> {
    private static final String FACTORY_KEY = "Custom Factory";

    public static Factory FACTORY = new Factory() {
        @Override
        public RudderIntegration<?> create(Object settings, RudderClient client, RudderConfig rudderConfig) {
            return new CustomFactory(client,rudderConfig);
        }

        @Override
        public String key() {
            return FACTORY_KEY;
        }
    };

    private CustomFactory(@NonNull RudderClient client, RudderConfig config) {

    }

    private void processRudderEvent(RudderMessage element) {
        System.out.println("Processing RudderEvent of type "+element.getType());

    }

    @Override
    public void reset() {
        System.out.println("Reset is called");
    }

    @Override
    public void flush() {
        System.out.println("Flush is called");
    }

    @Override
    public void dump(@Nullable RudderMessage element) {
        try {
            if (element != null) {
                processRudderEvent(element);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            RudderLogger.logError(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public CustomFactory getUnderlyingInstance() {
        return this;
    }
}

Some pointers to keep in mind:

• You can use the constructor of the CustomFactory class to initialize the native SDK of the device mode destination you are working on.
• RudderStack’s Android SDK dumps every event it receives to the dump() method of the CustomFactory class. From here, you can process the event and hand it over to the native SDK of the device mode destination.
• The SDK also triggers the reset() method of the CustomFactory class on every reset() call made via the SDK. You can use this to handle the destination-specific reset.
• RudderStack’s Android SDK also triggers the flush() method of the CustomFactory class on every flush() call made via the SDK which you can use to handle the destination-specific reset logic. You can make a flush call using the SDK as shown below:

rudderClient.flush()

rudderClient.flush();

Make sure you return a valid value from getUnderlyingInstance() as it is used by the Android SDK to validate CustomFactory.

• Make sure you do not duplicate the value of FACTORY_KEY across multiple CustomFactory that you develop.
• Register CustomFactory with the RudderStack Android SDK during its initialization:

var rudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
            this,
            WRITE_KEY,
            RudderConfig.Builder()
                .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
                .withTrackLifecycleEvents(false)
                .withRecordScreenViews(false)
                .withCustomFactory(CustomFactory.FACTORY)
                .build()
)

That’s it! Your Device Mode destination is good to go.

FAQ

What is the Android version required to set up the RudderStack Android SDK?

We currently support API 14: Android 4.0 (IceCreamSandwich) or higher.

I don’t have an Application class to initialize my RudderStack client. What do I do?

Follow our guide on How to Add an Application Class to Your Android App to add an Application class.

How do I set the Android permissions?

See Setting the Android Permissions section above to do this.

How do I use the Android SDK on applications with minSDKVersion less than 20?

By default, the Android SDK does not support applications with minSDKVersion less than 20. You can add this support by following the steps below:

1. Add the following dependency to the build.gradle file of your application:

implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:17.6.0'

2. Add the function tlsBackport() in your MainActivity as shown:

private fun tlsBackport() {
    try {
        ProviderInstaller.installIfNeeded(this)
        Log.e("Rudder", "Play present")
        val sslContext: SSLContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLSv1.2")
        sslContext.init(null, null, null)
        sslContext.createSSLEngine()
    } catch (e: GooglePlayServicesRepairableException) {
        // Prompt the user to install/update/enable Google Play services.
        GoogleApiAvailability.getInstance()
            .showErrorNotification(this, e.connectionStatusCode)
        Log.e("Rudder", "Play install")
    } catch (e: GooglePlayServicesNotAvailableException) {
        // Indicates a non-recoverable error: let the user know.
        Log.e("SecurityException", "Google Play Services not available.")
        e.printStackTrace()
    }
}

3. Finally, call the tlsBackport() function at the very beginning of your onCreate() method in MainActivity.

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
        tlsBackport()
    }
}

For more details, see Android documentation.

Can I use the library with Maven?

Yes, you can use the library with maven.

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.rudderstack.android.sdk</groupId>
  <artifactId>core</artifactId>
  <version>latest_version</version>
  <type>pom</type>
</dependency>

How do I check whether a specific event is getting fired or not?

Using the following command in the Logcat tool once you set the logLevel to VERBOSE.

adb logcat -s RudderSDK:V \
    -v tag -e "EventRepository: dump: message:"

How do I get the user traits after making the identify call?

You can get the user traits after making an identify call as shown in the following snippet:

val traits = rudderClient!!.getRudderContext().getTraits()

    Map<string object=""> traitsObj = rudderClient.getRudderContext().getTraits();

Can I disable event tracking until the user gives their consent?

Yes, you can. RudderStack gives you the ability to disable tracking any user activity until the user gives their consent, by leveraging the optOut API. This is required in cases where your app is audience-dependent (e.g. minors) or where you’re using the app to track the user events (e.g. EU users) to meet the data protection and privacy regulations. The optOut API takes true or false as a Boolean value to enable or disable tracking user activities. So, to disable user tracking, you can use the optOut API as shown:

rudderClient.optOut(true)

Once the user gives their consent, you can enable user tracking again:

rudderClient.optOut(false)

For more information on the optOut API, refer to the Enabling/Disabling User Tracking via optOut API section above.

You only need to call the optOut API with the required parameter once, as the information persists within the device even if you reboot it.

How does the SDK handle different client/server errors?

In case of client-side errors, e.g. if the source write key passed to the SDK is incorrect, RudderStack gives you a 400 Bad Request response and aborts the operation immediately.

For other types of network errors (e.g. Invalid Data Plane URL), the SDK tries to flush the events to RudderStack in an incremental manner (every 1 second, 2 seconds, 3 seconds, and so on).

Can I apply encryption only on new databases?

Database encryption works on new and existing databases. Pass the DbEncryption object in RudderConfig.Builder() while initializing the Android SDK.

You can use this object to convert an unencrypted database into an encrypted database and vice versa.

See Configuring your RudderStack client for more information on the configuration options.

Can I remove encryption from an encrypted database?

Yes, you can.

If the database is already encrypted, you can decrypt the database in the following way:

RudderConfig.Builder()
	  ...
    .withDbEncryption(RudderConfig.DBEncryption(false, "<your-encryption-key>")) // decrypt database
    .build()

Make sure to set the android-database-sqlcipher dependency in your module level build.gradle file.

See DbEncryption for more information.

What happens if the supplied encryption key is different to the one the database is encrypted with?

After you encrypt the database:

• If no key is provided, then the SDK deletes the current database with unsent events and creates a new unencrypted database instead.
• If a wrong key is provided, then the SDK deletes the current database with unsent events and creates a new encrypted database with the given key.

How does the Android SDK handle events larger than 32KB?

The Android SDK drops any events greater than 32KB.

Questions? Contact us by email or on Slack